The missions of the Ministry of Finance are to conduct efficient and highly transparent administration from the viewpoint of the people as taxpayers; to realize a sound and vitalized economy and a rich society where people can live with peace of mind; and to contribute to the stable development of the world economy. The Ministry carries out the mission to comprehensively maintain and manage the nation's financial affairs.

Specifically, the Ministry of Finance is involved in a wide range of duties including compiling the national budget and account settlement; planning and drafting of the national tax system and estimating tax revenues; planning and drafting of tarriff systems and regulating smuggling; issuing a Fiscal Investment and Loan Program and government bonds; managing state properties; stablizing systems of foreign exchange and international currency; and providing cooperation to developing countries.