The social insurance system provides people with financial support: the medical insurance system pays medical cost when people become sick or injured and the pension insurance system provides financial support when people retire from work(, become disabled, or die). With the rapid population aging together with birth rate declining, which is incomparable seen in any other countries, secure and stable operation of the social insurance system is the major task.

It is the task of the Social Insurance Agency to operate health insurance businesses, such as the Government- managed Health Insurance and the Seamen's Insurance as well as pension insurance businesses such as the National Pension and the Employees' Pension Insurance. With the operation of the closed circuit on-line system which connects the Agency's central computer center with local social Insurance Offices across the country, the Agency is committed to smooth business operations such as application to social insurance, contribution collection and pension benefits payment.

The Agency also promotes proactive projects such as health checkup programs to prevent lifestyle-related diseases as well as health promotion programs.